Saturday, 5 September 2015

Select verses from the Bhagavad Gita in which Lord Krishna tells us about His nature

  
On this occasion of Janamashtami, am sharing some shlokas from the Bhagavad Gita, in which Lord Krishna speaks about Himself, in the first person singular. These are not all the verses in which He says "I", but a few verses that teach us about His Nature, both Absolute Nature and His Nature as the Creator and Avatara. These also include some verses teaching us right action and bhakti.

I am not giving the English translation, but the shloka reference number is given.

In Chapter 4 Lord Krishna shows us how this teaching originated and  talks about Himself as Ishwara, the Adi Guru and speaks about the Avatara principle in the most quoted shlokas of the Gita.

इमं विवस्वते योगं प्रोक्तवानहमव्ययम्
विवस्वान्मनवे प्राह मनुरिक्ष्वाकवेऽब्रवीत् 4.1

यदा यदा हि धर्मस्य ग्लानिर्भवति भारत
अभ्युत्थानमधर्मस्य तदात्मानं सृजाम्यहम् 4.7

परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय दुष्कृताम्
धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय सम्भवामि युगे युगे 4.8

In this verse of Chapter 5, Krishna tells us who He is

भोक्तारं यज्ञतपसां सर्वलोकमहेश्वरम् l
सुहृदं सर्वभूतानां ज्ञात्वा मां शान्तिमृच्छति 5.29


In the very important Chapter 7, Lord Krishna describes His Nature - telling us Who He Is - only a few important shlokas are enumerated. The whole Chapter is a description of the Lord as जगत्कारणम्

भूमिरापोऽनलो वायुः खं मनो बुद्धिरेव
अहङ्कार इतीयं मे भिन्ना प्रकृतिरष्टधा 7.4

अपरेयमितस्त्वन्यां प्रकृतिं विद्धि मे पराम्
जीवभूतां महाबाहो ययेदं धार्यते जगत् 7.5

एतद्योनीनि भूतानि सर्वाणीत्युपधारय
 अहं कृत्स्नस्य जगतः प्रभवः प्रलयस्तथा 7.6

For the first time He uses the term 'Maya" and speaks about Bhakti towards Him as a means to Moksha

दैवी ह्येषा गुणमयी मम माया दुरत्यया
मामेव ये प्रपद्यन्ते मायामेतां तरन्ति ते ॥ 7.14


In this most profound Chapter 9, in almost all verses, Lord speaks about His nature. Am reproducing only some very very important verses, teaching us the nature of Ishwara and of the different orders of Reality.

मया ततमिदं सर्वं जगदव्यक्तमूर्तिना
मत्स्थानि सर्वभूतानि चाहं तेष्ववस्थितः 9.4

  मत्स्थानि भूतानि पश्य मे योगमैश्वरम्
 भूतभृन्न भूतस्थो ममात्मा भूतभावनः 9.5

सर्वभूतानि कौन्तेय प्रकृतिं यान्ति मामिकाम्
 कल्पक्षये पुनस्तानि कल्पादौ विसृजाम्यहम् 9.7

I am the goal, I am the way

मन्मना भव मद्भक्तो मद्याजी मां नमस्कुरु
 मामेवैष्यसि युक्त्वैवमात्मानं मत्परायणः 9.34

Verses in Chapter 10 and 11, all describe Lord's glory and one should read the entire Chapters in which Krishna talks of the various visible glories in the Universe through whcih He can be recognised and worshipped and gives Arjuna Vishwaroopa darshanam, telling Arjuna, that He has manifested as the entire Creation. Wherever we look, we see Krishna only

My favourite verses of these two chapters:

I am the very Self in you and in all beings -अहमात्मा
अहमात्मा गुडाकेश सर्वभूताशयस्थितः
अहमादिश्च मध्यं भूतानामन्त एव 10.10

We all should know this aspect of the Lord also

कालोऽस्मि लोकक्षयकृत्प्रवृद्धो लोकान्समाहर्तुमिह प्रवृत्तः
ऋतेऽपि त्वां भविष्यन्ति सर्वे येऽवस्थिताः प्रत्यनीकेषु योधाः 11.32

How do we attain Him
मत्कर्मकृन्मत्परमो मद्भक्तः सङ्गवर्जितः
निर्वैरः सर्वभूतेषु यः मामेति पाण्डव 11.55


The below is the Mahavakya shloka of Chapter 13 and Shankaracharya writes a huge commentary on this

क्षेत्रज्ञं चापि मां विद्धि सर्वक्षेत्रेषु भारत
क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञयोर्ज्ञानं यत्तज्ज्ञानं मतं मम 13.3


Significant verses from Purushottama Yoga - Chapter 15

ममैवांशो जीवलोके जीवभूतः सनातनः
मनःषष्ठानीन्द्रियाणि प्रकृतिस्थानि कर्षति 15.7

अहं वैश्वानरो भूत्वा प्राणिनां देहमाश्रितः
प्राणापानसमायुक्तः पचाम्यन्नं चतुर्विधम् 15.14

Why am I known as Purushottama
यस्मात्क्षरमतीतोऽहमक्षरादपि चोत्तमः
अतोऽस्मि लोके वेदे प्रथितः पुरुषोत्तमः 15.18


Summary of Karma Yoga and Jnana Yoga in these 2 verses of Chapter 18

मन्मना भव मद्भक्तो मद्याजी मां नमस्कुरु
मामेवैष्यसि सत्यं ते प्रतिजाने प्रियोऽसि मे 18.65

 सर्वधर्मान्परित्यज्य मामेकं शरणं व्रज
अहं त्वा सर्वपापेभ्यो मोक्षयिष्यामि मा शुचः 18.66

Lord Krishna, giving the essence of Karma Yoga in this verse – a favourite of mine and I keep it for the end.

मयि सर्वाणि कर्माणि संन्यस्याध्यात्मचेतसा
निराशीर्निर्ममो भूत्वा युध्यस्व विगतज्वरः 3.30


Sanskrit on Twitter - Part 8. Wonderful verses composed by twitterati

Twitterati chat in Sanskrit and compose some truly wonderful verses. A few which appeared on my time line are gathered here. This is Part Eight of this series

Enjoy...

Thursday, 3 September 2015

The five capsules of Vedanta

ॐ श्री गुरुभ्यो नमः

Swami Paramarthananda of Chennai, really simplifies the most abstract Vedantic concepts for students. He has summarized the Teaching in five capsules. Am reproducing these capsules in my words. These may be connected to any text while one is studying and just like vitamin capsules, these are to be 'taken' daily. Each word of these capsules is important and to be reflected upon.

1. I am of the nature of eternal and all-pervading consciousness

I am not the body-mind-intellect complex and Vedanta texts use various methods to make us arrive at our real nature - eternal and all pervading consciousness, which is not a part, product or property of the body.

2. I am the only source of permanent  peace, security and happiness

The scriptures repeatedly show us the limitations of relationships, objects, wealth. Understand that anything impermanent can never be a source of security and peace. If any object seemingly gives us happiness, know that to be your own आत्मानन्द​: reflected in a relatively quiet mind.  The scriptures  first inform the beginner, that security and peace can only come from Nitya Ishwara and take us from world-dependence to God-dependence and to God as The Goal to be sought. Then the scriptures take the more mature seeker to the Truth and say -  what you seek is YOU. तत्त्वमसि

3. By my mere presence, I give life to the material body and through the material body I experience the material universe

4. I am not affected by anything that takes place in the material world and in the material body

Understand one fact असङ्गोऽहम् . Several shlokas in the Gita teach this. A typical example

सर्वेन्द्रियगुणाभासं सर्वेन्द्रियविवर्जितम् ।
असक्तं सर्वभृच्चैव निर्गुणं गुणभोक्तृ च ॥

 As one studies the Upanishads, one gets clarity that the world is mere name and form - नामरूप​ deriving its अस्तित्वम् only from Brahman i.e. from ME.  It has no "substantiality" of its own. How can a non-substantial, मिथ्या नामरूप world ever touch me?

5. By forgetting my nature, I convert life into a struggle. Remembering my real nature, my life becomes a blessing, verily a sport. 

दुर्लभं त्रयमेवैतत् दैवानुग्रहहेतुकम् ।
मनुष्यत्वं मुमुक्षुत्वं महापुरुषसंश्रयः ॥

These three are hard to come and come only with God's grace - human birth, desire for liberation, company of the learned and noble. Having got all three, waste not this life!


ॐ तत् सत्



Monday, 31 August 2015

Sunday, 23 August 2015

Vedantic truths explained through some great imagery, examples in the Mundaka Upanishad.

ॐ श्री गुरुभ्यो नमः

Vedantic truths explained through some great imagery, examples in the Mundaka Upanishad.

There are some really popular, oft quoted examples given in the Mundaka Upanishad to teach Vedanta and the Sadhanas. I share these here. These are not in the order as they come in the various sections of the Upanishad. 


1. The popular bow and arrow example

धनुर् गृहीत्वौपनिषदं महास्त्रं
शरं ह्युपासा निशितं सन्धयीत
आयम्य तद्भावगतेन चेतसा
लक्ष्यं तदेवाक्षरं सोम्य विद्धि 2.2.3

O Pleasing one! Having taken the great weapon – the Upanishadic bow, one should fix the arrow (jivatma) which is sharpened by upasana (fixing the arrow is compared to one connecting to the shastric teaching). Having drawn it back with a mind absorbed in the thought of That (Brahman), may you penetrate (know) that imperishable Brahman, which is the target.

प्रणवो धनुः शारो ह्यात्मा ब्रह्म तल्लक्ष्यमुच्यते
अप्रमत्तेन वेद्धव्यं शरवत् तन्मयो भवेत् 2.2.4

Omkaara is the bow, Atma (jivatma) is indeed the arrow. Brahman is said to be the target. It should be penetrated (known) by the alert one. One should become one with That Brahman like the arrow (with its target).

In these two beautiful verses, the entire spiritual journey is presented. The student sharpened ( having refined himself / herself ) through karma yoga and upasana yoga should connect with the Shastra and Guru. These are called here धनुर् गृहीत्वौपनिषदं and प्रणवो धनुः  . Omkaara represents the shastric teaching.
With a mind withdrawn – i.e with a mind withdrawn from the entire world of sense objects, relationships etc. – compared to the bow drawn back, the arrow – jivaatma is released and “hits” paramatma – I.e claims oneness with paramatma.

2. The spider and other examples to show that ईश्वर, ब्रह्म is जगत्कारणम्

यथोर्णनाभिः सृजते गृह्णते च यथा पृथिव्यामोषधयः सम्भवन्ति
यथा सतः पुरुषात् केशलोमानि तथाऽक्षरात् सम्भवतीह विश्वम् 1.1.7

Just as a spider creates and withdraws (its web), just as trees are born on (out of) the earth, just as hair on the head and body grow from a living person, in the same manner, the universe is born out of Brahman.

The spider example is an oft quoted example in Vedanta to show that Brahman is both the material cause and the intelligent cause of the creation. Usually, the intelligent cause is different from the material of the produced object. Example, the potter is different from the clay and the pot. The Lord does not need any different material to create and the universe. He is the essence, the material and the intelligent cause. The whole Universe arises from, rests in the resolves into Him.

3. The fire and sparks example to show that all beings have come out of Brahman


यथा सुदीप्तात् पावकाद्विस्फुलिङ्गाः
सहस्रशः प्रभवन्ते सरूपाः ।
तथाऽक्षराद्विविधाः सोम्य भावाः
प्रजायन्ते तत्र चैवापि यन्ति ॥ 2.1.1

This is the Truth, O pleasing One!. Just as from a blazing fire thousands of sparks originate with the same nature, so also, various beings are born of Brahman and merge into it.

This mantra also teaches ब्रह्म जगत्कारनम् . What we see as world is nothing but Brahman. World is mere name and form. The substance, essence, सार​: is Brahman only, like the substance is gold and ornaments are but name and form. There is no substance called bangle – substantiality belongs to gold. The sections explaining the above, giving the above examples culminate in the knowledge - ब्रह्म सत्यं जगन्मिथ्या
 


4. The most popular imagery of two birds on tree in two mantras

द्वा सुपर्णा सयुजा सखाया समानं वृक्षं परिषस्वजाते ।
तयोरन्यः  पिप्पलं स्वाद्वत्त्यनश्नन्नन्यो अभिचाकशीति ॥ 3.1.1

Two birds (Jivatma and Sakshi or Paramatma) with beautiful wings which are close friends, cling to the same tree (i.e. are available in the same physical body). Of them, one eats the fruits with great relish. (i.e. is Karta, bhokta and enjoyer of the fruits). The other, looks on without eating i.e. remains as Sakshi

समाने वृक्षे पुरुषो निमग्नोऽनिशया शोचति मुह्यमानः ।
जुष्टं यदा पश्यत्यन्यमीशमस्य महिमानमिति वीतशोकः ॥ 3.1.2

Being deluded (and) completely immersed in the very same body, a person grieves helplessly. (Due to ignorance, when one has disclaimed his original nature, and had claimed “jivatvam”, he has taken on the attributes of body and becomes a doer, enjoyer and sufferer)
When one sees the other, the adored Lord (and) His glory as (one's own), (one becomes) free from grief.
 

One who can understand and assimilate these two verses and knows his/her own real nature, is free!! Every individual is now a mixture of pure consciousness (Atma) and the body-mind complex (Anatma). Identified with the body – mind complex, one can never be happy, full, freebecause the body is impermanent, ever-changing, limited and under the control of the laws of karma. But the Consciousness, the Sakshi, pure witness is ever असङ्ग, the pure witness and later described by the Upanishad as जोतिषां ज्योतिः Own up the Paratmatma, Sakshi and claim your Higher Nature.
The entire second chapter, second section explains this to us.

5. Finally, विदेहमुक्ति of a ज्ञानी explained in a beautiful verse with the help of rivers merging into the sea example
यथा नद्यः स्यन्दमानाः समुद्रेऽस्तं गच्छन्ति नामरूपे विहाय ।
तथा विद्वान् नामरूपाद्विमुक्तः परात्परं पुरुषमुपैति दिव्यम् ॥ 3.2.8
Just as rivers, flowing down, resolve into the ocean giving up name and form (and individuality), so also in the same way, the wise is freed from name and form and attains the effulgent Brahman which is beyond maya.

ॐ तत् सत्

Wednesday, 22 July 2015

हैमाष्टकम् composed by Acharya Ramanuja Devanathan





Acharyaji himself has translated the verses. Mr S Ganesan's notes are added too

॥ हैमाष्टकम् ॥

Eulogy on Amaranatha the Ice-Linga form of Siva

स्वयम्भू राजते शिवः धृत्वा हैमम् अलौकिकम् ।
स्वयञ्च लुप्यते यश्च स्मारयन् जीवितं क्षुद्रम् ॥१॥
Having taken the form of Ice, self-originated Shiva shines. He himself disappears having reminding us that life is momentary. 
Taken the form of ice Linga, Siva the self-manifested
Disappears as thin ice, reminding mortals’ life is limited.
विभूतिं दर्शयन् स्वस्य भक्तानाकर्षति स्वयम् ।
पर्वते चापि पाषाणे नयत्यप्राकृतं शुभम् ॥२॥
He attracts devotees having shown his significant form and leads us through Mountains and Rocks to supernatural bliss.. 
Attracts & leads His devotees with divine form unique & substantial. Through rough mounts & terrain harsh towards bestowing bliss 


नद्या धावितौ चरणौ तस्यामेकीभवन्मरो ।
बोधयन् मायाऽस्थिरतां जायते ह्यमरो नाथः ॥३॥
Your feet are washed by the River and you merged into that River being as though a mortal. You thus show that Maya is unsteady-myth but you become (are) immortal. 
Amaranatha shows thus that mortals, myth as they are, attain immortal glory.


सेव्यमानः कपोताभ्यां सुखदुःखे श्वेतनीले ।
जीवनस्य क्रमागते पक्वं करोति मानसम् ॥४॥
You are served by the two pigeons (white and black) showing the world dvandva -
Make one mature to know life is a cycle of black sorrows & white happiness.

ददद् श्रान्तिं गते मार्गे शीतं करोति सन्निधौ ।
पीडां विस्मृत्य ते रूपे हैमे मज्जति मानवः ॥५॥
You make us feel tired, and yet you soothe us who are near you. All (devotees) drowned in your form of ice have forgotten their pains.
On the way to the pilgrimage one feels tired but near You the coolth,Immersed in Your thoughts, one forgets the pain with the ice to soothe.

शिखरे च समासीनः सर्वं पश्यति शीतलम् ।
घर्मं करोति देहं च शीतले हिमपर्वते ॥६॥
Having sat on the mountain top one see everything cool. (Yet)Your sight makes our body warm in the cold Himalayan tops. 
Atop the mountain one ‘sees’ everywhere only coolness
Fervour of Your Divine Sight makes us feel warmth in Mount Himalayas!

झराणां प्रवहद्धाराऽनुकम्पारसस्य ते ।
दयाऽक्षयाऽस्तु ते पूर्णा शैवं भवतु ते वरम् ॥७॥


We see the falls on the Himalayas as the stream of your Karuna. Let that stream of Karuna be everlasting and complete and your boon be a welfare. 
The waterfalls there are verily the flow of Your boundless grace. May that flow unhindered and complete boon for our welfare.


कैलासे राजते नित्यं योगमुद्रां ददत्सदा ।
शीतलं चक्षुरुन्मील्य मासस्द्वौ पश्यति भृशम् ॥८॥


You shine in the Kailash forever having holding Yoga posture. Ho, it is our fortune that you see us with your cold eye at least for two months.
Shining forever in your Mahayogi’s posture in KailaSa You bestow. With Your divine cool sight blossomed for us for months two.


य इदमष्टकं भक्त्या पठेत्प्रतिदिनं नरः ।
यात्रायाः फलमाप्नोति हैमो देवः प्रसीदति ॥९॥


Those who read this Astaka daily with devotion would get the Punya of Amarnath Yatra and (Lord Shiva)Ice-God would be pleased.

The explanation by @vezhamukhan S.Ganesan, is given here http://linkis.com/wordpress.com/olCQ4

Wednesday, 15 July 2015

Pearls from Sanskrit literature shared by @puujaap


Some wonderful verses from Sanskrit literature shared by Pooja are given below in this storified collection. Read on and enjoy...